Kombiglyze XR Medicine Description

Drug Class:

• Antidiabetic Combination Drug
• Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor & Biguanide

Categories:

• Oral Hypoglycemics
• Diabetes Treatment

Active Ingredient Name:

• Saxagliptin (DPP-4 Inhibitor)
• Metformin (Biguanide)

Popular and Other Names:

• Kombiglyze XR (brand name)
• Saxagliptin/Metformin XR (generic name)
• Onglyza (Saxagliptin alone)
• Glucophage (Metformin alone)

Mode of Action

Kombiglyze XR is a combination medication designed to control blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Saxagliptin component works by inhibiting the enzyme DPP-4, which increases the levels of incretin hormones that stimulate insulin release in response to meals. The Metformin component decreases glucose production in the liver and improves insulin sensitivity. Together, these mechanisms help reduce elevated blood sugar levels effectively.

How to Use Kombiglyze XR

Administration:
Take Kombiglyze XR once daily, with the evening meal, to minimize stomach upset. The extended-release (XR) formulation allows for slow and consistent release of the active ingredients throughout the day.

Swallow Whole:
Do not crush, chew, or split the tablet, as this will interfere with the extended-release mechanism.

Recommended Dosage

• Initial Dose:
  For patients not already taking Metformin, the usual starting dose is 5 mg/500 mg of Saxagliptin/Metformin XR once daily.

• Adjustments:
  Your doctor may adjust the dosage based on your blood sugar levels, with a maximum daily dose of 5 mg Saxagliptin and 2000 mg Metformin.

• Missed Dose:
  If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for the next dose. Never double the dose.

Directions

• Timing:
  Take with food, ideally with dinner, to minimize gastrointestinal side effects from Metformin.

• Storage:
  Store at room temperature in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.

• Avoid Alcohol:
  Excessive alcohol can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a serious side effect of Metformin.

Cautions

• Kidney Function:
  Kombiglyze XR should not be used in patients with severe kidney impairment, as Metformin can cause lactic acidosis in such individuals.

• Liver Problems:
  Avoid use if you have liver disease, as it can exacerbate side effects and affect the metabolism of Metformin.

• Hypoglycemia Risk:
  Although Kombiglyze XR has a low risk of causing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), caution should be taken, especially when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas.

• Pregnancy & Breastfeeding:
  Consult your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding before taking Kombiglyze XR.

Managing Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

• Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort) – usually related to Metformin.
• Upper respiratory infections (common cold, sore throat) – related to Saxagliptin.

Management:

• For gastrointestinal issues, take the medication with food and consider smaller, frequent meals.
• Drink plenty of water and engage in light physical activity to manage discomfort.

Serious Side Effects:

• Lactic Acidosis (symptoms include muscle pain, weakness, trouble breathing, and irregular heartbeat)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)

Action:
If you experience symptoms of lactic acidosis or an allergic reaction, stop taking the medication and seek immediate medical help.

Guidelines

• Blood Sugar Monitoring:
  Regularly monitor your blood sugar levels and consult your doctor for dose adjustments based on your control and response to treatment.

• Physical Activity:
  Combine Kombiglyze XR treatment with exercise and a balanced diet to improve blood sugar control.

• Avoid Dehydration:
  Drink plenty of fluids, especially if engaging in strenuous physical activity or exposure to hot weather, as dehydration can increase the risk of kidney problems.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is Kombiglyze XR used for?
   Kombiglyze XR is used to control blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes, particularly when other oral medications have not been sufficient.

2. Can I take Kombiglyze XR with other diabetes medications?
   Yes, Kombiglyze XR can be combined with other antidiabetic medications like insulin or sulfonylureas, but under careful supervision to avoid hypoglycemia.

3. How long should I take Kombiglyze XR?
   Kombiglyze XR is typically taken long-term to maintain blood sugar control. Your doctor will determine the duration of therapy based on your response.

4. Can I take Kombiglyze XR if I have kidney problems?
   Kombiglyze XR is not recommended for patients with severe kidney impairment. Your doctor may perform regular kidney function tests to ensure safety.

5. What should I do if I experience side effects?
   If you experience mild side effects like gastrointestinal discomfort, try taking the medication with food. For severe reactions like lactic acidosis, seek medical attention immediately.

6. Is Kombiglyze XR safe during pregnancy?
   Always consult your doctor before taking Kombiglyze XR during pregnancy, as controlling blood sugar during pregnancy is essential but requires a personalized approach.