What is Ivermectin?

Ivermectin is a broad‑spectrum antiparasitic agent used for the treatment of various parasitic infections in humans. It belongs to the class of anthelmintics and is a member of the avermectin group of macrocyclic lactones. Ivermectin is commonly prescribed for conditions such as onchocerciasis (river blindness), strongyloidiasis, and certain ectoparasitic infestations.

Reference: U.S. FDA; World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on Parasitic Diseases; PubMed

What are the other popular names for Ivermectin?

Ivermectin is widely recognized by its generic name, but it is also marketed under several brand names. The most common among these include:

• Stromectol® (for oral formulations)
• Mectizan® (primarily for onchocerciasis)
• Sklice® (a topical formulation for head lice)

Reference: U.S. FDA; MedlinePlus; ClinicalTrials.gov

What is the drug classification of Ivermectin?

Ivermectin is classified as an anthelmintic and an antiparasitic agent within the avermectin family. It is used to treat a range of parasitic infections by interfering with the nervous system of parasites.

Reference: U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); World Health Organization (WHO)

What is the mode of action of Ivermectin?

Ivermectin exerts its antiparasitic effect by binding selectively to glutamate‑gated chloride ion channels that are present in the nerve and muscle cells of invertebrates. This binding increases the permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions, causing hyperpolarization, paralysis, and eventual death of the parasite. The selectivity for parasite channels minimizes effects on mammalian cells.

Reference: U.S. FDA; PubMed (e.g., Campbell et al., 1983)

How is Ivermectin used?

Ivermectin is used in both oral and topical formulations. Its primary clinical uses include:

• Onchocerciasis (River Blindness): Administered orally in single doses.
• Strongyloidiasis: Often given orally as a single or repeated dose depending on the severity of the infection.
• Scabies and Head Lice: Topical formulations are available (e.g., Sklice®) for the treatment of infestations.
• Other Parasitic Infections: Off-label use in certain cases under strict medical supervision.

Reference: World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines; U.S. FDA; ClinicalTrials.gov

What is the recommended dosage and administration for Ivermectin?

• Dosage:
  • For most parasitic infections, the typical oral dose is approximately 150–200 µg per kilogram of body weight as a single dose.
  • In some infections, a repeat dose may be required after 7 to 14 days.
• Administration:
  • Oral tablets should be taken on an empty stomach with water.
  • Topical formulations must be applied according to the specific product instructions.

Reference: U.S. FDA prescribing information; WHO Guidelines on Parasitic Infections

What prescribing information is important for Ivermectin?

• Indications: Ivermectin is indicated for the treatment of various parasitic infections, including onchocerciasis, strongyloidiasis, and certain ectoparasitic infestations.
• Contraindications:
  • Ivermectin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to ivermectin or any of its components.
  • Caution is advised in patients with severe liver disease.
• Monitoring:
  • Follow-up may be required to assess the resolution of infection and to monitor for potential adverse reactions.
• Special Considerations:
  • Ivermectin should be used with caution in populations with potential blood-brain barrier compromise.

Reference: U.S. FDA; World Health Organization (WHO)

What safety information, warnings, and cautions are associated with Ivermectin?

• Common Side Effects:
  • Gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, diarrhea)
  • Dizziness
  • Headache
• Warnings & Cautions:
  • Neurological Effects: Rarely, in patients with compromised blood-brain barriers, CNS toxicity may occur.
  • Hypersensitivity: Serious allergic reactions, although rare, have been reported.
  • Pregnancy and Lactation: Ivermectin is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless clearly needed and prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Additional Cautions:
  • Dosage should be adjusted in patients with hepatic impairment.
  • Avoid concomitant use with medications that may interfere with its metabolism.

Reference: U.S. FDA; PubMed; WHO

What drug interactions should be considered with Ivermectin?

• CYP3A4 Inhibitors:
  • Concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) may increase ivermectin plasma levels, potentially enhancing adverse effects.
• P-glycoprotein (P-gp) Inhibitors:
  • Drugs that inhibit P-gp may increase the penetration of ivermectin into the CNS, raising the risk of neurological adverse events.
• Other Medications:
  • Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications (prescription and nonprescription) and supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.

Reference: U.S. FDA; Clinical Pharmacology Reviews on PubMed

Where can I find additional clinical evidence and detailed information about Ivermectin?

For further details on clinical studies, dosing guidelines, and safety monitoring, please refer to:

• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Website: FDA.gov
• ClinicalTrials.gov: Search for ivermectin studies (e.g., for onchocerciasis or strongyloidiasis)
• World Health Organization (WHO) Publications: WHO.int
• PubMed: For peer‑reviewed research articles on ivermectin

Reference: FDA; WHO; PubMed

Final Thoughts

Ivermectin is a widely used antiparasitic agent with proven efficacy against various parasitic infections. Its mode of action—targeting glutamate‑gated chloride ion channels in parasites—results in paralysis and death of the parasite while maintaining a favorable safety profile in humans. Proper dosing, patient selection, and awareness of potential drug interactions are essential for its effective use. As always, healthcare providers should guide the appropriate use of ivermectin, and patients must adhere to prescribed dosages and monitoring protocols.

Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before initiating or modifying any medication regimen.